{"id":37636,"date":"2025-11-23T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T20:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gnews.cz\/?p=37636"},"modified":"2025-11-23T11:39:45","modified_gmt":"2025-11-23T10:39:45","slug":"johannesbursky-summit-zlomovy-okamzik-pro-g20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/neprehlednete\/johannesbursky-summit-zlomovy-okamzik-pro-g20\/","title":{"rendered":"Johannesbursk\u00fd summit: zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik pro G20"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Summit G20 v Johannesburgu v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice je poprv\u00e9, kdy se toto f\u00f3rum sch\u00e1z\u00ed na africk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Symbolika je siln\u00e1, ale s\u00e1zky jsou mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Jako prvn\u00ed africk\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed G20, je Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika odhodl\u00e1na postavit rozvojovou agendu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu na \u201eSolidarit\u011b, Rovnosti, Udr\u017eitelnosti\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G20 byla zalo\u017eena po asijsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed krizi v roce 1997, kdy sv\u011bt pochopil, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u\u017e nemohou formovat pouze vysp\u011bl\u00e9 ekonomiky. Rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky si vy\u017e\u00e1daly m\u00edsto u stolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dnes, o dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji, kdy se G20 rozrostla v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vn\u00ed f\u00f3rum, je tato logika je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vzestup Asie pokra\u010duje, Afrika stoj\u00ed na prahu demografick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 transformace a dlouho p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e1 dominance glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Severu vykazuje zn\u00e1mky \u00fanavy \u2014 od pomal\u00e9ho r\u016fstu po rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnou politiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To \u010din\u00ed summit v Johannesburgu zlomov\u00fdm bodem pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vu a testem, zda m\u016f\u017ee G20 z\u016fstat relevantn\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se rovnov\u00e1ha sil rychle m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edsednictv\u00ed Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky je jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 \u2014 stav\u00ed pot\u0159eby rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed do centra. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i priority odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed omezen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 definuj\u00ed \u017eivot po cel\u00e9m glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posilov\u00e1n\u00ed kapacit reakce na katastrofy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Katastrofy spojen\u00e9 s klimatem nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zasahuj\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 zem\u011b, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 postr\u00e1daj\u00ed syst\u00e9my v\u010dasn\u00e9ho varov\u00e1n\u00ed, finance na adaptaci \u010di mechanismy obnovy po katastrof\u00e1ch. Ve sv\u00e9m projevu na Sv\u011btov\u00e9m ekonomick\u00e9m f\u00f3ru v lednu \u0159ekl jihoafrick\u00fd prezident Cyril Ramaphosa, \u017ee pozvednut\u00ed odolnosti v\u016f\u010di katastrof\u00e1m na \u00farove\u0148 agendy l\u00eddr\u016f G20 je opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed udr\u017eitelnosti dluhu pro n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9 zem\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edce ne\u017e 50 rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u010del\u00ed dluhov\u00e9 t\u00edsni nebo k n\u00ed maj\u00ed bl\u00edzko. P\u0159\u00edstup k cenov\u011b dostupn\u00fdm financ\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nedostupn\u00fd. Veden\u00ed Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky p\u0159i svol\u00e1n\u00ed dialogu G20\u2013Afrika na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni o dluhu a n\u00e1kladech kapit\u00e1lu to dokl\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed spravedliv\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 transformace<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco bohat\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 nesou hlavn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za nadm\u011brn\u00e9 uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 emise, tla\u010d\u00ed na rychlou dekarbonizaci, mnoh\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 ekonomiky se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f, ztr\u00e1ty pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a nestability, kter\u00e9 by mohly n\u00e1sledovat, pokud bude transformace \u0161patn\u011b financov\u00e1na. Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee klimatick\u00e1 spravedlnost mus\u00ed znamenat nejen sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby energetick\u00e9 transformace vytv\u00e1\u0159ely pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, budovaly pr\u016fmysl a roz\u0161i\u0159ovaly p\u0159\u00edstup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zlep\u0161en\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nerostn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a inkluzivn\u00edho r\u016fstu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afrika dr\u017e\u00ed mnoho z\u00e1sadn\u00edch nerost\u016f pro \u0161pi\u010dkovou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zelenou ekonomiku. Ot\u00e1zkou je, zda bude kontinent op\u011bt odsunut k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b surovin pro ostatn\u00ed, nebo zda vystoup\u00e1 na hodnotov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec, zindustrializuje se a bude t\u011b\u017eit ze sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento summit se kon\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v okam\u017eiku, kdy G20 \u010del\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edm trhlin\u00e1m. 7. listopadu \u0159ekl americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 se leto\u0161n\u00edho summitu G20 nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed kv\u016fli tomu, co ozna\u010dil za \u201eporu\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u201c v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice. Tato absence vrhne st\u00edn a vyvol\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky o z\u00e1vazku velmoc\u00ed k inkluzivn\u00edmu multilateralismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed f\u00f3ra se \u010dasto znovuobjevuj\u00ed v obdob\u00edch krize. Samotn\u00e1 G20 vznikla z krize v roce 1999. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed kolaps v letech 2008\u201309 ji prom\u011bnil z ministersk\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed na summit l\u00eddr\u016f. Dnes, kdy geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e1 k\u0159ehkost zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed star\u00e9 instituce, G20 op\u011bt stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed volbou: obnovit se, nebo upadnout?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro Jihoafrickou republiku je tato chv\u00edle z\u00e1rove\u0148 rizikem i bezprecedentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed. Summit v Johannesburgu by tak mohl b\u00fdt okam\u017eikem, kdy se G20 stane skute\u010dn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed, nebo chv\u00edl\u00ed, kdy ztrat\u00ed v\u00fdznam v\u016f\u010di vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm alternativn\u00edm r\u00e1mc\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed G20 je pro Jihoafrickou republiku mand\u00e1tem cel\u00e9ho kontinentu. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed Africk\u00e9 unie do G20 a d\u00edky roli hostitele vys\u00edlaj\u00ed afri\u010dt\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i sign\u00e1l, \u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1va mus\u00ed smyslupln\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eet jejich z\u00e1jmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bch summitu bude z\u00e1viset na t\u0159ech faktorech:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jasnost po\u017eadavk\u016f glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu.<\/strong> Dluhov\u00e1 reforma, zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed, fondy na klimatickou adaptaci, prostor pro pr\u016fmyslovou politiku a p\u0159\u00edstup k technologi\u00edm mus\u00ed z\u016fstat na stole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jednota mezi rozvojov\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi.<\/strong> Rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bnost historicky oslabovala vliv glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu. Koordinovan\u00fd postoj, zejm\u00e9na mezi Afrikou a Asi\u00ed, bude rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed, monitorovateln\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky.<\/strong> Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 komunik\u00e9 u\u017e nesta\u010d\u00ed. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih pot\u0159ebuje term\u00edny, \u010d\u00e1stky financov\u00e1n\u00ed, mechanismy realizace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sv\u011bt se od zalo\u017een\u00ed G20 v bou\u0159liv\u00fdch 90. letech zm\u011bnil. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih mus\u00ed \u0159\u00eddit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Johannesbursk\u00fd summit je k\u0159i\u017eovatkou. Pokud bude \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159esm\u011brovat G20 k inkluzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, na rozvoj zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 budoucnosti a znovu potvrdit multilateralismus v dob\u011b, kdy ho sv\u011bt nejv\u00edce pot\u0159ebuje. Pokud sel\u017ee, m\u016f\u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih st\u00e1le v\u00edce hledat alternativn\u00ed r\u00e1mce pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho osudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato chv\u00edle vy\u017eaduje veden\u00ed \u2014 a Jihoafrick\u00e1 republika m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed jak p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, tak odpov\u011bdnost jej poskytnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirtan Bhana<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thediplomaticsociety<\/a>\/gnews.cz – GH<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Summit G20 v Johannesburgu v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice je poprv\u00e9, kdy se toto f\u00f3rum sch\u00e1z\u00ed na africk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Symbolika je siln\u00e1, ale s\u00e1zky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":37638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,7,2973],"tags":[6776,1161,1686,4197,3158,17,5553,41],"class_list":["post-37636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neprehlednete","category-politika","category-zahranicni","tag-energeticka-transformace","tag-g20","tag-globalni-jih","tag-johannesburg","tag-the-diplomatic-society","tag-top","tag-udrzitelnost","tag-world"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37636"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37636\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37639,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37636\/revisions\/37639"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gnews.cz\/cs_cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}